korean grammar level 1-1
LESSON 1 GREETING
안녕하세요. = Hello. / Hi. / what’s up/ good morning. / good night. / good day
안녕+하세요 = 안녕하세요. [an-nyeong] [ha-se-yo]
안녕 = peace
하세요 = you do, did you?, please
안녕하세요 is a formal wy to make greeting in. when someone say 안녕하세요, then you reply with안녕하세요.
conversation:
A: 안녕하세요. [annyeong-haseyo] = Hello
B: 안녕하세요. [annyeong-haseyo] = hello
C. 감사합니다. = Thank you 감사 + 합니다 = 감사합니다. [gam-sa] [hap-ni-da] 감사 = appreciation 합니다 = I will do, I am doing 감사합니다 is a formal way (존댓말) which usually used in daily activities.
In Korean when you say “good bye” in a formal way, there is two kind expressions which can be used:
1. when your friend stay and you leave then you can say: 안녕히 계세요. [an-nyeong-hi -gye-se-yo ][good bye]
2. when you stay and other people leave then you can say : 안녕히 가세요. [an-nyeong-hi-ga-se-yo] [good bye]
LESSON 2 YES/NO
네 / 아니요
In Korean , ―Yes is 네 [ne] and ―no is 아니요 [aniyo] in a formal way.
In Korean when people say네 , this is not like you say yes in English and neither아니요 .because in korean 네 means you agree with somebody said as same as 아니요 express that you have different opinion with somebody said.
For example, when someone ask: don’t you like milk? (우유안 좋아해요? [u-yu an jo-a-hae-yo?] if your answer is no I don’t you should say네
Example:
커피 좋아해요? [keo-pi jo-a-hae-yo?] = do you like coffee?
네. 좋아해요. [ne. jo-a-hae-yo] = Yes I like coffee
커피 좋아해요? [keo-pi jo-a-hae-yo?] = do you like coffee?
아니요. 안 좋아해요. [aniyo. an jo-a-hae-yo] = no, I don’t
커피 안 좋아해요? [keo-pi an jo-a-hae-yo?] = don’t you like coffee?
아니요. 좋아해요. [aniyo. jo-a-hae-yo] = no, I like coffee
커피 안 좋아해요? [keo-pi an jo-a-hae-yo?] = you don’t like coffee?
네. 안 좋아해요. [ne. an jo-a-hae-yo] = yes I do
네 [ne] could be use ―right/really/I know/I am here!(when someone ask)/I’m understand
맞아요. People of korea usually place 맞아요 [ma-ja-yo] after 네 [ne]. 네, 맞아요. [ne, ma-ja-yo] = yes, right
LESSON 3 SORRY
죄송 합니다. [Joe-song-hap-ni-da]
죄송 합니다 = 죄송 plus 합니다. 죄 송 [joe-song] it means ―sorry, ―I am sorry or shame feeling and 합니다 [hap-ni-da] means do, so죄송 합니다 [joe-song-hap-ni-da] means I am sorry
죄송 합니다 not always mean “sorry” although 죄송 합니다 [joe-song-hap-ni-da] is literally mean ―sorry, you can’t use 죄송 합니다 when you want to say “I am sorry to hear that” this is why 죄송 합니다 only mean I am sorry.
In English you can say “excuse me” in this following situation:
1) when you pass crowd of people
2) when you want to leave room/class
3) when you want to draw attention to someone and talk to them
4) when you want to call waiters in restaurant
In korean 저 기요 [jeo-gi-yo] is an expression which can use in situation number 3 and 4. Number 1 and 2 you can use : 잠시 만요. [cam-si-man-yo] (means: ―in a minute) 죄송 합니다. [Joe-song-ham-ni-da] (literally mean: ―sorry, I want to pass) 잠깐 만요. [cam-kkan-man-yo] (literally mean: ―wait a sec)[wait a sec I want to pass]
LESSON 4
이에요 / 예요 [i-e-yo / ye-yo]
이에요 dan 예요 = is/am/are
example : 이거 ABC 예요. [I-geo ABC-ye-yo] = this is ABC.
To decide which word you will use 이에요 [i-e-yo] or 예요 [ye- yo] depend on the end of the word, if end with consonant use이 에요[i-e-yo], if end with vowel use예요 [ye-yo].
End consonant + 이에요 [i-e-yo]
Vowel + 예요 [ye-yo]
example
물이 에요. = + 물 이에요 [mul + i-e-yo] (Ini) this is water
가방 이에요. = 가방 이에요 [ga-bang + i-e-yo] this is bag.
사무실 이에요. = 사무실 이에요 [sa-mu-sil + i-e-yo] this is office
학교 예요. = 학교 예요 [hak-gyo + ye-yo] this is school
저예요. = 저 예요 [jeo + ye-yo] this is me
You can make a question using 이에요 and 예요 with just increasing your voice in the end of sentence.
물이 에요. [Mul-i-e-yo] = this is water. 물이 에요? [Mul-i-e-yo?] = is that water?
학교 예요. [Hak-gyo-ye-yo] = this is school. 학교 예요? [Hak-yo-ye-yo] = is that school? Are you in school now?
뭐 [MWO] = what 뭐예요? [MWO-ye-yo?] = what is that?
LESSON 5
이거 [i-geo] = this is, this one
이 [i] (―this) + 것 [geot] (―hal‖) = 이것 [i-geot] –> 이거 [i-geo]
Contoh Kalimat :
이거 책이에요. [i-geo chaek-i-e-yo] = this is a book
이거 카메라예요. [i-geo ka-me-ra-ye-yo] = this is camera
이거 커피예요. [i-geo keo-pi-ye-yo] = this is coffee
이거 사전이에요. [i-geo sa-jeon i e yo] = this is a dictionary
이거 뭐예요? [i-geo mwo-ye-yo?] = what is this?
We already know how to make question with , 뭐예요? [mwo-ye-yo?] what is that? you can add 이거 [i-geo] before it to ask “what is this”
이거 뭐예요? [i-geo mwo-ye-yo?] = what is this?
이거 핸드폰이에요. [i-geo haen-deu-pon-i-e-yo] = this is a phone
이거 뭐예요? [i-geo mwo-ye-yo?] = what is this? 이거 물이에요. [i-geo mul-i-e-yo] = this is water
이거 뭐예요? [i-geo mwo-ye-yo?] = what is this? 이거 커피예요. [i-geo keo-pi-ye-yo] = this is coffee.
To make answer ‘no’
이거 커피예요? [i-geo keo-pi-ye-yo?] = is this coffee?
아니요. 이거 물이에요. [ani yo. i-geo mul-i-e-yo] = no this is water
To make answer ‘yes’
이거 커피예요? [i-geo keo-pi-ye-yo?] = is this coffee?
네. 맞아요. 이거 커피예요. [ne. ma ja yo. i-geo keo-pi-ye-yo] = yes, this is coffee
LESSON 6
이, 그, and 저
In this section we can learn how to say this, that and there
Example :
이 [i] = this (near you)
그 [geu] = that (near sombody)
저 [jeo] = that (there) far from both
이, 그, and 저 in Korean just as clue word, if you want to say “this is/this one” simply at 거 [geo] or 것 [geot] after noun
거 [geo] = 것 [geot] = thing, goods, mix with 이 [i] = this 이 + 것 = 이것 [i-geot] or 이거 [i-geo] = this is
그 [geu] = that 그 + 것 = 그것 [geu-geot] or 그거 [geu-geo] =that, that one,
저 [jeo] = there, 저 + 것 = 저것 [geu-geot] or 저거 [geu-geo] = over there
example 사람 [sa-ram] someone
이 사람 [I sa ram] = this man
그 사람 [geu- sa-ram] = that man
저 사람 [ceo-sa-ram] = man right there
LESSON 7
아니에요 [a ni e yo] = no, not this, not you
아니에요 [a ni e yo] is present form in formal way
noun + 아니에요 = not + noun
example : 저 아니에요. [jeo a ni e yo] = this is not me
우유 아니에요. [u-yu a ni e yo] = not milk.
물 아니에요. [mul a ni e yo] = not water
This is not milk. = 이거 우유 아니에요. [i-geo u-yu a ni e yo]
student = 학생 [hak-saeng]
not student = 학생 아니에요 [hak-saeng a ni e yo]
I am not a student = 저 학생 아니에요. [jeo hak-saeng a ni e yo]
drink = 술 [sul]
not drink = 술 아니에요 [sul a ni e yo]
this is not drink = 저거 술 아니에요. [jeo-geo sul a ni e yo]
cat = 고양이 [geo- yang i]
not a cat = 고양이 아니에요 [geo yang i a ni e yo]
that is not a cat = 그거 고양이 아니에요. [geu-geo geo yang i a ni e yo]
LESSON 8 PARTICLE
Topic particle 은 [eun] / 는 [neun]
This particle which used at the end of noun.
Word end with consonant + -은
Word end with vowel + -는
Example:
가방 [ga-bang] + 은 [eun]
나 [na] + 는 [neun]
Noun end with 은 [eun] atau 는 [neun] usually (but not always) example:
저 [jeo] = i 저 + 는 [neun] = 저는 [jeo-neun] = the topic is “I”
저는 학생이에요. [jeo-neun hak-saeng-i-e-yo] = I am a student ―word “I” is a subject
Sometime Korean is unique like this:
내일은 저는 일해요. [nae-il-eun jeo-neun il-hae-yo] = topic is ‖tommorow‖, I work.‖ here, 내일 [nae-il], tommorow, followed by 은 [eun], as main topic not as subject 일하다 [il-ha-da
Subject particle 이 [i] / 가 [ga] subject particle more simple than topic particle :
Word end with consonant + -이
Word end with vowel + -가
example:
가방 [ga-bang] + 이 [i]
학교 [hak-gyo] + 가 [ga]
The basic is,
topic particle (은/는) decide main topic of sentence
and subject particle (이/가) refers to subject of sentence
이거 [i-geo] = this / 사과 [sa-gwa] = apple / 예요 [ye-yo] = is/am/are
이거 사과예요. [i-geo sa-gwa-ye-yo] = this is apple
You can add 은/는 to this sentence, and subject of sentence is 이거, because ends with vowel then add -는. 이거는 사과예요. [i-geo-NEUN sa-gwa-ye-yo] = this is apple.
Example :
이거 커피예요. [i-geo keo-pi-ye-yo] (= this is coffee)
이거는 물이에요. [i-geo-NEUN mul-i-e-yo] = this is water
이거는 오렌지주스예요. [i-geo-NEUN o-ren-ji-ju-seu-ye-yo] = this is orange juice
이거는 뭐예요? [i-geo-NEUN mwo-ye-yo?] = what is this
Example in sentence:
1) 오늘 날씨 좋네요. [o-neul nal-ssi jot-ne-yo] today the weather is good
2) 오늘은 날씨 좋네요. [o-neul-EUN nal-ssi jot-ne-yo] (the weather was bad before but today is good )
3) 오늘 날씨는 좋네요. [o-neul nal-ssi-NEUN jot-ne-yo] (today the weather is good but not exactly the others day). Because this particle (은/는) could give different meaning in conversation
LESSON 9
―있어요‖ [i-sseo-yo] dan ―없어요‖ [EOP-sseo-yo]
In this lesson we will learn how we express 있어요 [i-sseo-yo] and 없어요 [EOP-sseo-yo] if you want to speak about something exist or not you can use this formula
있어요 [i-sseo-yo] based on 있다 [it-da], and tell that something exists 있어요 < -> 없어요[I-sseo-yo] [EOP-sseo-yo
있어요 [i-sseo-yo]
물 [mul] = water / 친구 [chin-gu] = friend / 시간 [si-gan] = time
You can just add 있어요 at the end word you refers to
1. 물 있어요. [mul i-sseo-yo] = there is water /I have water / they have water
2. 물 있어요? [muli- sseo-yo?] = Is there water? / Do you have water? / Do they have water?
3. 친구 있어요. [Chin-gu i-sseo-yo] = I have friend
4. 친구 있어요? [Chin-gu i-sseo-yo?] = do you have friend? / do they have water?
5. 시간 있어요. [Si-gan i-sseo-yo] = there is a time
없어요 [EOP-sseo-yo]
1. 시간 없어요. [Si-gan EOP-sseo-yo] = there is no time
2. 친구 없어요. [Dagu-gu EOP-sseo-yo] = I have no friend
LESSON 10
Now we will learn how to say “please give me” 주세요 [ju-se-yo] = please give me
Example :
J: 사과 있어요? [Sa-GWA i-sseo-yo?] = Do you have apple?
B: 네. 사과 있어요. [Ne. sa-GWA i-sseo-yo] = yes, we do
J: 사과 주세요. [Sa-GWA ju-se-yo.] = please give some apple
** there is no rule between singular and plural in noun Korean
J: 커피 있어요? [Keo-pi i-sseo-yo?] = do you have coffee?
B: 아니요. 커피 없어요. [An-i-yo. Keo-pi EOP-seo-yo] = no, we don’t
J: 우유 있어요? [U-yu i-sseo-yo?] = do you have milk?
B: 네. 우유 있어요. [Ne. u-yu i-sseo-yo] =. Yes we do
J: 우유 주세요. [U-yu ju-se-yo.] = please give me milk
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